![]() The main legal basis for IHL is composed of the four 1949 Geneva Conventions with their two additional protocols of 1977 and the third additional protocol of 2005, The Hague Regulations of 1907, rules of customary international law, and fundamental principles of IHL. The course provides important insights on several key aspects of IHL, including its historical development, legal sources, types of armed conflict, means and methods of waging war, protection of civilians and civilian objects, protection of cultural heritage and of the environment, international peace operations, implementation and responsibility for serious IHL violations, the relationship with other branches of public international law, and some of the current challenges IHL faces. Additional efforts are required to implement the rules contained in these instruments – to put the law into effect.International Humanitarian Law (IHL) or the law of armed conflict (LOAC) aims at reducing the disastrous effects of armed conflicts by regulating the means and methods of warfare and by establishing relevant legal protections not only for civilians and for non-combatants more generally, but also for combatants. Becoming party to these agreements is only a first step, but it is a vital one. These fundamental instruments are supplemented by various other treaties. ![]() The Geneva Conventions have been accepted by all States, and acceptance for the Additional Protocols is growing. ![]() The 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols of 19 are its core treaties. It consists of international treaty and customary rules that are specifically meant to resolve humanitarian issues arising directly from armed conflict, both international and non-international. It protects those who are not, or are no longer, taking part in the fighting, and sets limits on the means and methods of warfare. ![]() International humanitarian law (IHL) – also called the “law of war” or the “law of armed conflict” – sets out detailed rules that seek for humanitarian reasons to limit the effects of armed conflict. ![]()
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